2020. 2. 16. 01:13ㆍ카테고리 없음
Before coming across your guide, I wasn't highly motivated to study nor confident that I would achieve the best grades in my GCSEs. However, after reading about your success and what your program has done for others, it inspired me to do better and aim for the best results. At the end of the day, there is no reason why anyone cannot achieve the best grades in their studies.
Your maths revision guide/strategy is fantastic! You have really opened my eyes as to where I've been going wrong all this time and what I should focus on, going forward. I've also applied your methods to other subjects too such as Science and seen a vast improvement in terms of revision and progress. I cannot thank you enough for sharing your strategy! I am very confident that, providing I follow your plan, I will excel in my final GCSE exams next year and most importantly, make my family proud!:)➤➤ months ago. Principles of management important questions and answers for b.com students.1.VAIBHAV PRASAD H.M1STSEMESTERIMPORTANT QUESTIONS &ANSWERSFOR 1ST YEAR B.COM (1ST SEM)BY-VAIBHAV PRASAD H.M.IMPORTANT QUESTION & ANSWERSBy VAIBHAV PRASAD H.MTumkur.1. Explain the principles of management as per Hennery Foyal?(Or)Explain principles of management.(08,09.10.11.12)Foyal developed fourteen (14) of the management principles, which become more effective throughformal training in them.
These principal were the explained in a book general industrial Managementpublished in 1916. They are the showed below:Fayol's Principles of Management: The principles of management are given below:1. Division of work: Division of work or specialization alone can give maximum productivity &efficiency.
Both technical & managerial Activities can be performed in the best manner onlythrough division of labor & specialization.2. Authority & Responsibility: The right to give order is called authority.
The obligation toaccomplish is called responsibility. Authority & Responsibility are the two sides of themanagement coin. They exist together. They are complementary & mutually interdependent.3. Discipline: The objectives, rules & regulations, the policies & procedures must be honored byeach member of an organization. There must be clear & fair agreement on the rules &objectives, on the policies & procedures.
There must be penalties (punishment) for non-obedience or indiscipline. No organization can work smoothly without discipline - preferablyvoluntary discipline.4. Unity of Command: In order to avoid any possible confusion & conflict, each member of anorganization must received orders & instructions only from one superior (boss).5. Unity of Direction: All members of an organization must work together to accomplishcommon objectives.6. Emphasis on Subordination of Personal Interest to General or Common Interest: Thisis also called principle of co-operation. Each shall work for all & all for each. General or commoninterest must be supreme in any joint enterprise.7.
Remuneration: Fair pay with non-financial rewards can act as the best incentive ormotivator for good performance. Exploitation of employees in any manner must be eliminated.Sound scheme of remuneration includes adequate financial & nonfinancial incentives.8.
Centralization: There must be a good balance between centralization & decentralization ofauthority & power. Extreme centralization & decentralization must be avoided9. Scalar Chain: The unity of command brings about a chain or hierarchy of command linkingall members of the organization from the top to the bottom.
Scalar denotes steps.10. Order: Fayol suggested that there is a place for everything. Order or system alone cancreate a sound organization & efficient management.11.
Equity: An organization consists of a group of people involved in joint effort. Hence, equity(i.e., justice) must be there. Without equity, we cannot have sustained & adequate jointcollaboration.12.
Stability of Tenure: A person needs time to adjust himself with the new work &demonstrate efficiency in due course. Hence, employees & managers must have job security.Security of income & employment is a pre-requisite of sound organization & management.13. Esprit of Co-operation: Esprit de corps is the foundation of a sound organization. Union isstrength. But unity demands co-operation. Pride, loyalty & sense of belonging are responsiblefor good performance.14. Initiative: Creative thinking & capacity to take initiative can give us sound managerialplanning & execution of predetermined plans.2.
Explain the process or the steps of planning.(09,10,11)According to Fayol - 'The plan of action is, at one & the same time, the result envisaged, the line ofaction to be followed, the stages to go through, & the methods to use. It is a kind of future picturewherein proximate events are outlined with some distinctness.' Principles of Management.IMPORTANT QUESTION & ANSWERSBy VAIBHAV PRASAD H.MTumkur.The Planning process involves the following steps:1. Analysis of External Environment: The external environment covers uncontrollable &unpredictable factors such as technology, market, socioeconomic climate, political conditions etc.,within which our plans will have to operate.2.
Analysis of Internal Environment: The internal environment covers relatively controllablefactors such as personnel resources, finance, facilities etc., at the disposal of the firm. Such ananalysis will give an exact idea about the strengths & weakness of the enterprise.3. Determination of Mission: The 'mission' should describe the fundamental reason for theexistence of an organization. It will give firm direction & make out activities meaningful &interesting.4.
Determination of Objectives: The organizational objectives must be spelled out in key areas ofoperations & should be divided according to various departments & sections. The objectives mustbe clearly specified & measurable as far as possible. Every member of the organization should befamiliar with its objectives.5. Forecasting: Forecasting is a systematic attempt to probe into the future by inference fromknown facts relating to the past & the present. Intelligent forecasting is essential for planning.
Themanagement should have no stone unturned Functions of Management in reducing the element ofguesswork in preparing forecasts by collecting relevant data using the scientific techniques ofanalysis & inference.6. Determining Alternative course of Action: It is a common experience of all thinkers that anaction can be performed in several ways, but there is a particular way which is the most suitablefor the organization. The management should try to find out these alternatives & examine themcarefully in the light of planning premises.7. Evaluating Alternative Courses: Having sought out alternative courses & examined theirstrong & weak points, the next step is to evaluate them by weighing the various factors.8. Selecting the Best: The next step - selecting the course of action is the point at which the plan isadopted.
It is the real point of decision-making.9. Establishing the sequence of activities: After the best programme is decided upon, the nexttask is to work out its details & formulate the steps in full sequences.10. Formulation of Action Programmes: There are three important constituents of an actionplan: The time-limit of performance. The allocation of tasks to individual employees. The time-table or schedule of work so that the functional objectives are Achieved within thepredetermined period.11. Reviewing the planning process:through feedback mechanism, an attempt is Made to secure that which was originally planned. Todo this we have to compare the actual performance with the plan & then we have to take necessarycorrective action to ensure that actual performance is as per the plan.3. Write a note on “x” & “y” theory.(08,09,11,12)Theory X-A manager who fits into the theory X group leans towards an organization climate of closecontrols centralize of the authorities, autocratic of the relationship & minimum participation inthe decision making process.
Such manager accepts certain assumptions. Theories Xassumptions according to the Mc Gregor are. The average person dislikes work & will avoid it as much as possible. Stemming from this, according to the theory X, most people have to be forced or thethreatened by the punishment to the make the effort necessary to accomplish of theorganizational goals. The average individual is basically passive & therefore prefers to be directed, ratherthan to assume any risk or the responsibility. Above all the else, Security is the important.IMPORTANT QUESTION & ANSWERSBy VAIBHAV PRASAD H.MTumkur.Theory Y-A theory Y Manager of operates with a different set of the assumptions regardinghuman motivation.
This manager feels that an effective organizational climate has looser. Moregenera super vision of the greater decent realization of the authority less reliance on coercion &the control democratic leadership, style & more of the participation in the decision process. Theassumption upon which this type of the organization climate is based includes the following:- Work is a natural as play or the rest & therefore is not avoided. Self-motivation & inherent of the satisfaction in work will be forth common in thesituations where the individual is the committed to the organizational goals.
Hence, coercion isnot the only from of the influence that can be of the used to motivate. Commitment is a crucial factor in the motivation & it is a function of the rewards comingfrom it. The average individual learns to accept & even proper environment. Contrary to the stereotypes the ability to be creative & the innovation in the solution ofthe organization problem is the widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population. In Modern business & organizations human interlaced potentialities are just practicallyrealize.4. Explain the importance of planning.(09,10,11)Importance of Planning: As a managerial function planning is important due to the followingreasons:-1. To manage by objectives: All the activities of an organization are designed to Achieve certainspecified objectives. However, planning makes the objectives more concrete by focusingattention on them.2. To offset uncertainty and change: Future is always full of uncertainties and Changes.Planning foresees the future and makes the necessary provisions for it.3.
To secure economy in operation: Planning involves, the selection of most profitable course ofaction that would lead to the best result at the minimum costs.4. To help in co-ordination: Co-ordination is, indeed, the essence of management, the planningis the base of it. Without planning it is not possible to co-ordinate the Different activities of anorganization.5.
To make control effective: The controlling function of management relates to the comparisonof the planned performance with the actual performance. In the absence of plans, amanagement will have no standards for controlling other's performance.6.
To increase organizational effectiveness: Mere efficiency in the organization is notimportant; it should also lead to productivity and effectiveness. Planning enables the managerto measure the organizational effectiveness in the context of the stated objectives and takefurther actions in this direction.5. What is planning & explain the steps involved in planning?(08,10)Samuel Certo says: “Planning is the systematic development of the action programmers aimed atreaching agreed business objective by the process of analyzing, evaluating & selecting among theopportunities which are foreseen.”Steps in Planning-a) Establishing objectives-The first step in the planning is to establish or determine in thedefinite term the objectives.
B.Sc (Horticulture)Horticulture PDF Books ware material is prepared as per ICAR approved syllabus for the benefit of under-graduate students already enrolled in Indian Agricultural Universities.List of ICAR eCourse for HorticultureS.No.Course TitleAuthor(s) NamePagesDownload Link1ApicultureDr. Gupta782Breeding and Seed Production of Ornamental CropsDr.
YC Gupta106Download3Breeding of fruit and Plantation CropsDr. Auxcilia & Dr.
Shabha3454Breeding of Vegetable & Tuber and spice cropsDr. Paramaguru & Dr.
Shobha–Coming Soon5Commercial FloricultureDr. B.Hemla Naik–Coming Soon6Diseases of Fruit Plantation & Medicinal & Aromatic CropsDr.
Sanath Kumar–Coming Soon7Diseases of Vegetable & Ornamental and spice CropsDr. Gupta–Coming Soon8Elementary Plant Biochemistry and BiotechnologyDr. Manikanda Boopathi & Dr.
Govindaraju–Coming Soon9Elementary statistics and computer applicationTh. Pangayar Selvi & Mrs.
Anandhi–Coming Soon10Environmental ScienceDr. Prasanth Rajan31911Farm Power and MachineryDr. Desai15412Fundamentals of EntomologyDr. Revanna Revannanavar–Coming Soon13Fundamentals of Extension EducationMr. Krishnamurthy–Coming Soon14Fundamentals of Food TechnologyDr. Malathi–Coming Soon15Fundamentals of HortcultureDr.
Swamy8516Fundamentals of Plant pathologyDr. Sharma21917Fundamentals of Soil ScienceDr. Tripathi–Coming Soon18Growth and Development of Hotriculture CropsDr. Durga Devi–Coming Soon19Horti-Business ManagementDr.
Sivakumar21920Insect Pests of Fruit Plantation & Medicinal & Aromatic CropsDr. Kalyana Sundaram–Coming Soon21Insect Pests of Vegetable Ornamental & Spice CropsDr. PL Sharma–Coming Soon22Introduction to Major Field CropsDr. Janardhan21723Introductory Agro-ForestryDr. Pant–Coming Soon24Introductory Crop PhysiologyDr.
Principles Of Management Book Download
Mukesh L Chavan–Coming Soon25Introductory EconomicsDr. Sharma–Coming Soon26Introductory Microbiology with PracticalsDr. Gurumurthy11927Medicinal and Aromatic CropsDr. Rajamani & Dr.
Nalina–Coming Soon28Mushroom CultureDr. Thapa9229Nematode pests of Hort. Crops & their managementDr.
(Mrs) Anju S Khanna–Coming Soon30Orchard managementDr. Sharma–Coming Soon31Organic FarmingDr. Anand B Masthihole–Coming Soon32Ornamental HotricultureDr. Ganga–Coming Soon33Plantation CropsDr. Hegde–Coming Soon34Post Harvest Management of Horticultural CropsDr.
Krishna–Coming Soon35Potato and Tuber cropsDr. Ravindra Mulge–Coming Soon36Principles of Genetics and CytogeneticsDr.
Principles Of Management Textbook
Meenakshi Ganesan–Coming Soon37Principles of Landscape GardeningDr. Hemla Naik & Mr. Chandrashekhar9338Principles of Plant BreedingDr. Jagadeesh–Coming Soon39Processing of Horticulture cropsDr. C Sharma–Coming Soon40Seed Production of Vegetable, Tuber and Spice CropsDr.
P.Geetha Rani40541Soil and plant analysisDr. Vadivel–Coming Soon42Soil Fertility & Nutrient ManagementDr. Thippeshappa–Coming Soon43Spices and CondimentsDr. Venkatesha & Dr. Raviraja Shetty. G–Coming Soon44Structural grammar & Spoken English(NC)Dr. Sundararajan & Mrs.
Shnmugapriya–Coming Soon45Temperate FruitsDr. Chandel–Coming Soon46Temperate VegetablesDr. Shukla–Coming Soon47Tropical and Subtropical FruitsDr. Kulapati Hipparagi–Coming Soon48Tropical and Subtropical VegetablesDr.
Srinivasa–Coming Soon49Water Management in Horticultural CropsDr. Meyyazhagan–Coming Soon50Weed Management in Horticulture CropsDr.